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External cooling iron is often used in high manganese steel castings(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). The use of carbon steel inner cooling iron is relatively common(corundum sand). In large cast steels, the chemical composition and physical properties of the carbon steel inner cooling iron and the casting metal are too different.

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Therefore, it is necessary to put forward slag retaining requirements for the gating system, so the gating system is designed as closed or semi closed(white corundum powder). It is fast and easy to crack(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). The pouring temperature should not be too low, which will lead to unclear casting contour, insufficient pouring and pores due to poor exhaust(silicon carbide grit suppliers). 

When using high manganese steel inner chilled iron, due to the low pouring temperature of high manganese steel, the thermal conductivity of the steel is poor, and it is not easy to completely fuse(aluminum oxide blast media canada). In the production of conventional steel castings, steel castings less than or equal to 200kg can be cast by subcontracting, while steel castings greater than 200kg are generally cast by plug rod ladle(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). 

If the pouring temperature is too high, it will also form transgranular products(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). Too high pouring temperature will cause a series of structural defects such as coarse grain structure and columnar structure, coarse carbide and micro porosity, reduce the strength and toughness of the casting(silicon carbide abrasive grit), increase the crack of the casting, reduce the wear resistance, and increase the early fracture of the casting in service. 

If the stopper rod is used for the ladle, the molten steel enters the mold from the liquid port at the bottom of the ladle and is subcontracted for pouring(120 grit aluminum oxide). Generally, the riser position shall avoid the use surface and processing surface of the casting, and the side and side risers shall be used as far as possible(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). Indirect (sand isolation) external chilled iron is used for castings with a wall thickness of more than 100mm.

Cracks easily occur during casting. Between the columnar crystals and between the columnar strips growing in both directions, there are bound to be enriched areas of inclusions and impurities, forming areas with more microscopic defects, severely deteriorating performance, and prone to cracks(refractory materials). External cooling iron is more commonly used in high manganese steel, and it can get denser castings with the appetite(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine).

The melting point of carbon steel is much higher than that of high manganese steel, and it is difficult to fusion between cold iron and high manganese steel casting metals(100 grit aluminum oxide blast media). At this time, the cooling effect of the internal cooling iron has completely disappeared, preventing or reducing segregation; preventing cracks(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). It is difficult to ensure a good and parallel fusion between the cooling iron and the casting metal.

 Generally(brown fused alumina grit), the shrinkage coefficient of carbon steel is much lower than that of high manganese steel(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). The primary crystalline structure of the inner-cooled iron and high-manganese steel is very sensitive to the cooling rate. The molten steel on the surface of the cold iron will be chilled to form a thin layer of isometric products(black silicon carbide). At this time, the temperature gradient in the metal is large. 

In general, the main high manganese steel rarely uses internal cooling iron(glass bead abrasive). The difference in shrinkage speed and shrinkage between the two metals during cooling shrinkage will cause internal stress, which will lead to cracks in the cooling process after solidification, especially during water quenching(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). Therefore, the use of internal cooling iron in high manganese steel castings will cause cracks.

In practical applications(aluminum oxide anti-slip grit), it is ideal to use high manganese steel internal cooling iron with the same metal composition as the casting, and special casting high manganese steel internal cooling iron is required(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). The role of cold iron is to prevent shrinkage holes in the parts that are difficult to feed on the riser, strengthen the cooling effect of the end of the casting, and promote sequential solidification(silicon carbide powder).

External cooling iron can increase the cooling speed and strengthen the direction of heat transfer, but it will form columnar products when it is not used properly(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). External cooling iron high manganese steel casting uses external cooling iron to control the solidification sequence, refine the matrix structure, prevent looseness, improve the crystal structure, and improve the density and performance of the casting(aluminium oxide grit suppliers).

Because the refractory material absorbs part of the heat and affects the feeding effect of the metal in the riser, the size of the easy-to-cut riser is slightly larger than that of the ordinary riser under the same conditions (can be increased by 10%~15%)(steel shot abrasive). Generally, the external cooling iron must be covered with sand(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). Cold iron can locally improve the cooling capacity of the mold and control the solidification rate of the casting.

The pouring temperature of high manganese steel castings should not be too high(black corundum). High manganese steel usually adopts an open gating system to avoid local overheating in the cavity, so as to prevent the formation of hot joints or hinder the shrinkage of castings and avoid cracks(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). As the solidification progresses, the branches The crystal grows forward from the equiaxed layer, and the growth rate gradually slows down(80 grit aluminum oxide blasting media).

According to the use method, chilled iron can be divided into internal chilled iron and external chilled iron, and external chilled iron can be divided into direct chilled iron and indirect chilled iron(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). In order to avoid cracks between the chilled irons or defects in the cold iron fusion welding on the casting when using direct external chilled iron, use sand isolation 10~ 15mm sand-isolated external chilled iron(aluminum oxide suppliers usa).

The molten steel and scum are easy to flow into the mold at the same time(aluminium oxide blasting media). Direct (non sand separated) external cooling iron is used for plate castings with wall thickness of 35 ~ 60mm, uniform thickness, mass no more than 100kg and simple structure(aluminum oxide 80-90 grit), such as lining plate, toothed plate, etc(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). This is very difficult in production, and it is also difficult to process the cast cold iron when the size is not appropriate. 

For thick and large castings, the principle of sequential solidification shall be adopted(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). The spacer riser shall be used as far as possible, and the inner gate shall enter into the riser tangentially, so as to improve the molten steel temperature of the riser and increase the feeding efficiency of the riser(brown aluminum oxide). On the premise of ensuring good casting shape, the pouring temperature should be reduced as much as possible. 

However, excessive internal stress caused by large temperature difference shall be avoided, resulting in deformation and crack of the casting(aluminium oxide suppliers south africa). The molten steel is clean and has no slag retaining requirements for the gating system. The gating system is designed as an open type to make the molten steel flow smoothly into the mold(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine). When designing the gating system, it is usually based on the type of pouring ladle.

The size of the pouring system for subcontracting pouring of steel castings less than or equal to 200kg can be consulted in the relevant technical manual(garnet blasting media), but the pouring system for subcontracting pouring of steel castings greater than 200kg can only be determined after preliminary design and calculation according to the hydrodynamics theory and verification and correction of many production practices(high quality white fused alumina suppliers ukraine).